How It Works

This table shows characters commonly used for transliterating foreign names. Mandarin has multiple character options for most sounds, but standard choices exist for names and place names.

Characters are chosen for positive meanings or simple strokes. Frequency shows real usage.

Legend

Frequent - Commonly used in transliterations
Infrequent - Less commonly used

Hover over characters to highlight them. Click for pronunciation details.

Data Sources

This table was generated from analysis of transliteration frequency data:

Generated using make_syllabary.py from frequency data

Transliteration Syllabary

- b p m f d t n l g k h z c s zh ch sh r j q x
er
a
o
e
ai
ei
ao
ou
an
en
ang
eng
ong
i 西
ia
iao
ie
iou
ian
in
iang
ing
iong
u
ua
uo
uai
uei
uan
uen
uang
ueng
v
ve
ve
van
vn

See also

  • Tone Table — visual guide to characters with different tones